Tasirin Sabon Farawa: Dalilin da Ya Sa Kaka Ta Fi Dacewa da Gina Ɗabi'u
Kowace Satumba, ƙungiyoyi suna dawowa daga hutun bazara, jadawalin ayyuka yana cunkushewa, kuma mutane da yawa suna jin sha'awar "komawa kan tsari". Wannan sha'awa ba zato ba ce. Masana kimiyyar halayya suna kiranta tasirin sabon farawa: bayan muhimman lokuta kamar sabon wata, sabuwar shekarar karatu ko sabon zangon shekara, mutane suna samun ƙarin ƙwarin gwiwar fara aiki kan sababbin manufofi. Kaka ce mafi bayyana a matsayin lokacin sake farawa a shekarar aiki. Wannan maƙala tana bayyana kimiyyar gina ɗabi'u da yadda sashen kula da ma'aikata (HR) zai yi amfani da ita don sauƙaƙa fara ɗabi'un lafiya a Satumba da ci gaba da su har cikin zangon shekara na huɗu (Q4).
Table of Contents
Mene ne tasirin sabon farawa?
A wani sanannen bincike, masu bincike sun gano cewa mutane sun fi neman bayanai kan "tsarin cin abinci", zuwa wurin motsa jiki da ɗaukar aniyar cimma manufofi a farkon sabon mako, wata ko shekara, da kuma bayan ranar haihuwa da bukukuwa (Dai, Milkman da Riis, 2014). Dalili kuwa shi ne: muhimman lokuta suna sa mu ji kamar mun rufe babin abubuwan da suka gabata, don haka mu kalli kanmu na gaba a matsayin sabon farawa maimakon ci gaba da gazawar baya.
Kaka tana da matuƙar tasiri saboda dalilai uku:
- Alamar sake farawa ta kowa. Kowa yana kallon Satumba a matsayin sabon babi, don haka ba sai kun ƙirƙiri wani dalili ba.
- Jadawali mai ɗorewa. Jadawalin bazara marar daidaito yana ba da wuri ga makonni masu tsari, kuma wannan shi ne abin da ɗabi'u suke buƙata don su kafu.
- Ƙarfin jiki ya fi muhimmanci. Yayin da Q4 yake gabatowa kuma tsawon hasken rana yake raguwa, ƙananan ɗabi'u na samun hasken rana, motsa jiki da yin hutu suna kawo amfani fiye da kowane lokaci na shekara.
Ƙa'idoji shida na gina ɗabi'u da kimiyya ta tabbatar
| Ƙa'ida | Abin da bincike ya nuna | Yadda za a yi amfani da ita a wurin aiki |
|---|---|---|
| Sabon farawa | Ƙwarin gwiwa yana ƙaruwa bayan muhimman lokuta | Fara sauya ɗabi'u a makon farko na Satumba, ba a tsakiyar wata ba |
| Abubuwan tunatarwa da yanayi mai ɗorewa | Maimaita wani hali a yanayi iri ɗaya yana sa a riƙa yin sa ba tare da tunani ba da shigewar lokaci (Gardner, Lally da Wardle, 2012) | Haɗa ɗabi'u da lokutan da ake da su: shiga tsarin aiki, abincin rana, taron ƙarshe na ranar |
| Ɗabi'u suna ɗaukar lokaci | A binciken rayuwar yau da kullum, tsakiyar lokacin da ɗabi'a ta ɗauka kafin ta zama ta atomatik kwanaki 66 ne, daga kwanaki 18 zuwa 254 (Lally da sauransu, 2010) | Yi shirin watanni biyu zuwa uku, kuma a yaba wa dawwama, ba rashin kuskure ba |
| Tsarin idan-to | Takamaiman tsare-tsaren "idan X ya faru, zan yi Y" suna ƙara aiwatar da niyya sosai (Gollwitzer da Sheeran, 2006) | Ba ma'aikata samfurin tsarin idan-to mai guraben cikawa |
| Katsewar ɗabi'a | Mutane sun fi karɓar sauyi idan abin da suka saba yi ya sauya (Verplanken da Roy, 2016) | Yi amfani da sauyin tsarin rayuwa bayan bazara don gabatar da sababbin tsare-tsaren yau da kullum |
| Haɗa abin so da abin da ya kamata | Haɗa abin da mutum "yake so" da abin da "ya kamata ya yi" ya ƙara yawan zuwa wurin motsa jiki a gwajin zahiri (Milkman, Minson da Volpp, 2014) | Ba da shawarar "sauraron kwasfan da aka fi so lokacin tafiya kawai" |
Akwai kuskuren fahimta da ya kamata a daina: babu hujjar cewa ɗabi'u suna ɗaukar kwanaki 21 kafin su kafu. A sa ran kusan watanni biyu, kuma a sa ran za a tsallake wasu ranaku. Tsallake rana lokaci-lokaci bai hana samuwar ɗabi'a ba a binciken Lally.
Hanyoyin HR na tsara ɗabi'u
Ba sai an yi babban shiri ba. Abin da ake buƙata shi ne tsare-tsaren da za su sa zaɓin da ya dace da lafiya ya zama mafi sauƙi.
1. Tunatarwa: kafa "lokaci da wuri"
- Bayan shiga tsarin aiki: daƙiƙa 60 na gyara matsayin jiki.
- Lokacin abincin rana: minti 10 cikin hasken waje. Duba neman hasken rana.
- Bayan taron ƙarshe: rubuta muhimman ayyuka uku na gobe a matsayin alamar rufe aikin yau.
- Ɗora sababbin ɗabi'u kan waɗanda aka saba; duba haɗa ɗabi'u don jin daɗin ma'aikata.
2. Cikas: kawar da ƙananan shingaye
- Sanya taruka su kasance na minti 25 da 50 domin a samu hutu kai tsaye.
- Bar ayyukan jin daɗin lafiya ba tare da dole sai da na'ura ba: ba a buƙatar na'urar sawa a jiki, shigar da bayanai da hannu ya isa.
- Samar da kujeru kusa da taga ko "wurare masu haske" don duba imel da safe.
Don cikakken jerin sauye-sauyen jadawali da taruka masu sauƙin aiwatarwa, duba matakai 10 na HR don Satumba mai kuzari.
3. Bayani: nuna ci gaba cikin sauƙi
- Auna dawwama ("an yi motsa jiki kwanaki 4 a wannan makon") maimakon jimilla.
- Raba shafi ɗaya na gabatarwa ga ƙungiya kowane mako: lokutan mayar da hankali da aka yi amfani da su, matsakaicin tsawon taro da zance ɗaya daga ma'aikaci. Ba a buƙatar bayanan lafiyar kowa.
4. Asali da labari: ba sabon babin suna
- Gabatar da Satumba a matsayin "Lokacin Sake Farawa": "Mu ƙungiya ce da take daraja tafiyar aiki mai ɗorewa."
- Raba ƙananan nasarorin abokan aiki domin a ga sabon tsarin da ake son bi.
Shirin ɗabi'un kaka na kwanaki 30/60/90
| Mataki | Abin da za a fi mayar da hankali a kai | Ayyuka |
|---|---|---|
| Kwanaki 1 zuwa 30 (Satumba) | Kafa tunatarwa, rage cikas | Sababbin tsare-tsaren taro, lokuta biyu na mayar da hankali kowace rana, samfuran tsarin idan-to guda uku (hasken safe, ɗan motsa jiki, rufe aiki), ɗan binciken kuzari na kowane mako |
| Kwanaki 31 zuwa 60 (Oktoba) | Tabbatar da dawwama da ƙarfafa asalin ƙungiya | Raba labaran ma'aikata uku game da ƙananan nasarori, ba da jerin zaɓuɓɓukan haɗa abin so da abin da ya kamata, kiyaye tsarin mako yayin da tsawon hasken rana yake raguwa |
| Kwanaki 61 zuwa 90 (Nuwamba) | Mayar da ɗabi'u na atomatik da kare su | Sanya tazarar hutu tsakanin taruka masu maimaituwa, sa taro ɗaya na kowane mako ya zama na tafiya, gabatar wa shugabanni da ma'aunin ɗabi'u |
Rana ta 90 tana kusa da tsakiyar kwanaki 66 da binciken ya nuna, don haka lokaci ne mai ma'ana na duba ɗabi'un da suka kafu. Don ci gaba da himma har zuwa ƙarshen shekara, karanta ci gaba da shirin jin daɗin lafiya a Q4.
Matsalolin da aka fi fuskanta
| Matsala | Dalilin faruwarta | Magani mai sauri |
|---|---|---|
| Manyan manufofi fiye da kima | Sha'awar sabon farawa ba tare da shiri ba | Ƙananan ayyukan kullum da aka haɗa da takamaiman lokaci da wuri |
| Kuskuren fahimtar kwanaki 21 | Rashin fahimtar kimiyyar ɗabi'u daidai | Bayyana cewa ɗabi'u suna ɗaukar kusan watanni biyu, kuma tsallake wasu ranaku abu ne na al'ada |
| Taruka a jere ba tare da hutu ba | Cikas yana rinjayar kyakkyawar niyya | Tabbatar da bin tsarin minti 25/50, a kuma sa ido kan tazarar hutu |
| Shawara ɗaya ga kowa | Bambancin ayyuka da yanayi | Ba da zaɓuɓɓuka: haske, motsa jiki, gajerun hututtuka, rufe aiki |
Taƙaitaccen jagora ga ma'aikata (kwafa a liƙa)
Sake Farawa a Kaka: yadda za ka sa ƙaramar ɗabi'a ɗaya ta kafu
- Zaɓi ɗabi'a ɗaya. Samun hasken safe, tafiya ta minti 10, hutun miƙa jiki ko tsarin rufe aiki.
- Rubuta tsarin idan-to. "Idan ƙarfe 10:30 ya yi, zan yi tafiya na minti 5."
- Haɗa ta da abin da ka riga ka saba yi. Bayan shan kofi, bayan abincin rana, bayan taronka na ƙarshe.
- Haɗa ta da wani abin da kake jin daɗi. Ka saurari kwasfan da ka fi so lokacin tafiya kawai.
- Ƙirga ranaku, kada ka nemi rashin kuskure. Ɗabi'u suna ɗaukar kusan watanni biyu. Babu laifi idan ka tsallake rana ɗaya; tsallake biyu a jere alama ce ta sake farawa.
Yadda YuMuuv yake taimakawa
Ba sai an yi gasa ba don gina ɗabi'u. Ƙalubalen YuMuuv mai burin yau da kullum, wanda ake ba da maki bisa yawan ranakun da aka cimma burin, yana saka wa yin ƙoƙari a yawancin ranaku maimakon tara babbar jimilla. Wannan ya dace da yadda ɗabi'u suke samuwa a zahiri. Ayyukan da ake shigar da bayanansu da hannu sun haɗa da ƙananan ɗabi'un da aka ambata a sama, kamar samun hasken rana, zama a waje, numfashi mai zurfi, lokacin nisantar waya da mintunan motsa jiki; duba cikakken jerin ƙalubalen YuMuuv. A bar shiga da son rai, ba tare da matsin lamba ba, kuma a karanta ilimin halayyar ci gaba da aiki a jere don sanin yadda za a yi amfani da jerin ranakun ci gaba ba tare da haifar da matsin lamba ba.
Kalmar ƙarshe
Kaka yanayi ne na halitta da ya dace da gwada gina ɗabi'u. Yi amfani da ƙwarin gwiwar sabon farawa, ka haɗa shi da tunatarwa masu ɗorewa da ƙarancin cikas, sannan ka tallafa wa farfaɗowa da haske da gajerun hututtuka. Idan ka yi haka a farkon Satumba, zuwa Nuwamba za ka samu abin da ya fi shiri kawai: al'adar ƙananan ɗabi'u masu ɗorewa. Kana son hanya mai sauƙi ta tallafa wa hakan? Yi alƙawarin kallon yadda YuMuuv yake aiki.
Madogara
- Dai, Milkman da Riis (2014). Tasirin sabon farawa: muhimman lokuta suna ƙarfafa halayen neman ci gaba. Management Science.
- Lally da sauransu (2010). Yadda ɗabi'u suke samuwa: tsara samfurin samuwar ɗabi'u a rayuwar yau da kullum. European Journal of Social Psychology.
- Gardner, Lally da Wardle (2012). Mayar da kula da lafiya ɗabi'a: ilimin halayyar samuwar ɗabi'u da aikin likitancin gama-gari. British Journal of General Practice.
- Gollwitzer da Sheeran (2006). Niyyar aiwatarwa da cimma manufofi: haɗaɗɗen nazarin tasiri da matakai. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.
- Verplanken da Roy (2016). Matakan ƙarfafawa don inganta salon rayuwa mai ɗorewa: gwada hasashen katsewar ɗabi'a a gwajin zahiri. Journal of Environmental Psychology.
- Milkman, Minson da Volpp (2014). Riƙe Hunger Games a matsayin garkuwa a wurin motsa jiki: tantance haɗa abin so da abin da ya kamata. Management Science.
